微创钻孔引流术联合加速康复外科理念在脑出血治疗中的应用

目的 研究探讨微创钻孔引流手术联合加速康复外科（ERAS）理念在高血压脑出血患者治疗中的临床效果。方法 选取2019年4月—2020年6月该院收治的高血压脑出血（出血量30~50 mL）患者80例，采用随机数表法分为传统围手术期组（微创钻孔引流手术加传统围手术期方案）和ERAS围手术期组（微创钻孔引流手术加ERAS理念方案），各40例，记录两组患者术后不良反应、并发症及血清学指标等情况。结果 ERAS围手术期组的颅内感染、肺部感染和尿路感染发生率低于传统围手术期组（P<0.05）。与传统围手术期组相比，ERAS围手术期组患者监护室住院时间更短，住院费用降低（P<0.05）。ERAS围手术期组的Barthel指数（BI）评分和欧洲卒中量表（ESS）评分均优于传统围手术期组（P<0.05）。ERAS围手术期组术后第3天的C-反应蛋白（CRP）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平低于传统围手术期组（P<0.05）。两组的手术切口愈合情况、手术时间及术后再出血方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 微创钻孔引流联合ERAS理念能减少患者术后应激，可加快恢复速度，减少脑出血患者的并发症，安全有效。     

Altered resting‐state functional connectivity and effective connectivity of the habenula in irritable bowel syndrome: A cross‐sectional and machine learning study

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder involving dysfunctional brain–gut interactions characterized by chronic recurrent abdominal pain, altered bowel habits, and negative emotion. Previous studies have linked the habenula to the pathophysiology of negative emotion and pain. However, no studies to date have investigated habenular function in IBS patients. In this study, we investigated the resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) and effective connectivity of the habenula in 34 subjects with IBS and 34 healthy controls and assessed the feasibility of differentiating IBS patients from healthy controls using a machine learning method. Our results showed significantly enhanced rsFC of the habenula‐left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and habenula‐periaqueductal grey (PAG, dorsomedial part), as well as decreased rsFC of the habenula‐right thalamus (dorsolateral part), in the IBS patients compared with the healthy controls. Habenula‐thalamus rsFC was positively correlated with pain intensity (r = .467, p = .005). Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) revealed significantly decreased effective connectivity from the right habenula to the right thalamus in the IBS patients compared to the healthy controls that was negatively correlated with disease duration (r = ?.407, p = .017). In addition, IBS was classified with an accuracy of 71.5% based on the rsFC of the habenula‐dlPFC, habenula‐thalamus, and habenula‐PAG in a support vector machine (SVM), which was further validated in an independent cohort of subjects (N = 44, accuracy = 65.2%, p = .026). Taken together, these findings establish altered habenular rsFC and effective connectivity in IBS, which extends our mechanistic understanding of the habenula's role in IBS.     

First experience with robotic pancreatoduodenectomy in Singapore

INTRODUCTIONRecent studies reported that laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is associated with superior perioperative outcomes compared to the open approach. However, concerns have been raised about the safety of LPD, especially during the learning phase. Robotic pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) has been reported to be associated with a shorter learning curve compared to LPD. We herein present our initial experience with RPD.METHODSA retrospective review of a single-institution prospective robotic hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) surgery database of 70 patients identified seven consecutive RPDs performed by a single surgeon in 2016–2017. These were matched at a 1:2 ratio with 14 open pancreatoduodenectomies (OPDs) selected from 77 consecutive pancreatoduodenectomies performed by the same surgeon between 2011 and 2017.RESULTSSeven patients underwent RPD, of which five were hybrid procedures with open reconstruction. There were no open conversions. Median operative time was 710.0 (range 560.0–930.0) minutes. Two major morbidities (> Grade 2) occurred: one gastrojejunostomy bleed requiring endoscopic haemostasis and one delayed gastric emptying requiring feeding tube placement. There were no pancreatic fistulas, reoperations or 90-day/in-hospital mortalities in the RPD group. Comparison between RPD and OPD demonstrated that RPD was associated with a significantly longer operative time. Compared to open surgery, there was no significant difference in estimated blood loss, blood transfusion, postoperative stay, pancreatic fistula rates, morbidity and mortality rates, R0 resection rates, and lymph node harvest rates.CONCLUSIONOur initial experience demonstrates that RPD is feasible and safe in selected patients. It can be safely adopted without any compromise in patient outcomes compared to the open approach.     

胃癌手术患者营养风险筛查及营养支持现况分析

目的 分析胃癌手术患者营养风险发生及其营养支持现状,为规范化营养支持提供指导。方法 对2014年2月至2014年7月150例胃癌住院患者术前采用NRS-2002营养风险筛查简表评估其术前营养风险状况。检测患者入院第1~2天和术后第7~10天的体质量、血红蛋白、血清总蛋白、血清清蛋白、血清前清蛋白、白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数等营养指标以及调查其营养支持情况。结果 150例胃癌患者中,术前有营养不良者72例(占48%),无营养不良者78例(占52%);有营养风险者81例(54%),其中采取营养支持者66例(81.48%),无营养风险者69例(46%),其中采取营养支持者57例(82.61%)。患者术后营养指标除血红蛋白及血清前清蛋白外其他营养指标较术前差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 胃癌手术患者营养不良发生率及有营养风险者比例较高,临床医生对其营养支持不够规范,需采取规范的临床营养风险评估和基于证据的临床营养支持以改善营养状况。     

Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease is associated with altered functional brain connectivity

BackgroundPatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may develop several gait disturbances during the course of illness and Freezing of gait (FOG) is one of them. Several neuroimaging studies have been conducted to identify the neural correlates of FOG but results have not been uniform. Resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) is relatively less explored in PD patients with FOG. This study aims to compare the whole brain resting state connectivity of PD patients with and without FOG using rs-fMRI.Methodsrs-fMRI was obtained for 28 PD patients (15 with and 13 patients without FOG) who were matched for various demographic and clinical characteristics. Seed to voxel analysis was performed at whole brain level and compared between the two groups.ResultsWhen compared to patients without FOG, the patients with FOG had reduced functional connectivity across multiple seeds. Major finding was reduced inter-hemispheric connectivity of left parietal opercular cortex with multiple regions of the brain primarily involving the primary somatosensory and auditory areas, which also negatively correlated with the FOGQ scores.ConclusionOur findings suggest that alterations in the resting state functional connectivity of the opercular parietal cortex may be one of the substrates of FOG. Reduced interhemispheric connectivity probably is the reason for impairment of control and coordination in bilateral leg movements while walking.     

协同模式对ICU清醒患者情绪状态的影响

目的探讨协同护理模式对ICU清醒患者情绪状态的影响。方法选择患者120例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组60例和对照组60例。观察组实施协同护理模式,对照组实施常规护理。干预后,使用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)来比较二组干预效果。结果干预后,观察组心理焦虑和抑郁程度降低,与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用协同护理模式能够很好地改善患者的心理状况,促进患者的早日康复,提高其生活质量,值得在临床推广使用。     

Manifold learning on brain functional networks in aging

We propose a new analysis framework to utilize the full information of brain functional networks for computing the mean of a set of brain functional networks and embedding brain functional networks into a low-dimensional space in which traditional regression and classification analyses can be easily employed. For this, we first represent the brain functional network by a symmetric positive matrix computed using sparse inverse covariance estimation. We then impose a Log-Euclidean Riemannian manifold structure on brain functional networks whose norm gives a convenient and practical way to define a mean. Finally, based on the fact that the computation of linear operations can be done in the tangent space of this Riemannian manifold, we adopt Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) to the Log-Euclidean Riemannian manifold space in order to embed the brain functional networks into a low-dimensional space. We show that the integration of the Log-Euclidean manifold with LLE provides more efficient and succinct representation of the functional network and facilitates regression analysis, such as ridge regression, on the brain functional network to more accurately predict age when compared to that of the Euclidean space of functional networks with LLE. Interestingly, using the Log-Euclidean analysis framework, we demonstrate the integration and segregation of cortical–subcortical networks as well as among the salience, executive, and emotional networks across lifespan.     

经前侧入路达芬奇机器人辅助肺段切除术的临床分析

目的总结经前侧入路达芬奇机器人辅助肺段切除术治疗肺部结节的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2018年6月至2019年10月于我科行前侧入路达芬奇机器人辅助肺段切除术77例患者的临床资料,其中男22例、女55例,年龄53(30~71)岁。对患者症状、一般情况、术前影像学资料、切除肺段分布、手术时间、出血量、淋巴结清扫数、术后带管时间、引流量、术后住院时间、术后并发症以及围术期死亡等指标进行分析。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开胸,无严重并发症,无围术期死亡。术后病理48例为早期肺癌,29例为良性肿瘤。机器人Docking时间4(1~30)min,机器人腔内操作时间76(30~170)min,出血量30(20~400)mL,术后胸腔闭式引流管引流时间4(2~15)d,术后总引流量780(200~3980)mL;术后住院时间7(3~19)d。结论经前侧入路机器人辅助肺段切除治疗肺部结节安全、便捷和有效,值得临床推广应用。